The 48 Laws of Power. Paperback - Bargain Price, September 1, 2000. Amoral, cunning, ruthless, and instructive, this multi-million-copy New York Times bestseller is the definitive manual for anyone interested in gaining, observing, or defending against ultimate control - from the author of The Laws of Human Nature.Hugo Grotius's On the Law of War and Peace could be described as a stately circumnavigation of the juridical world. Like Tolstoy's later novel of similar name, it provides a teeming, sprawling overview of the richness of life - legal life, of course, in the case of Grotius. Unlike Tolstoy's novel (unfortunately),44-2-117. Racial profiling prohibited -- definitions -- policies -- complaints -- training. ... provides for periodic reviews by the law enforcement agency and collection of data that determine whether any peace officers of the law enforcement agency have a pattern of stopping members of minority groups for violations of vehicle laws in a ...2 The 48 Laws of Power List. 3 The 48 Laws of Power Summary. Law 1. Never Outshine the Master. Law 2. Never Put Too Much Trust in Friends, Learn How to Use Enemies. Law 3. Conceal Your Intentions. Law 4.Cultivation of Trees CAP390. Customs CAP066. Customs Duties (Dumping and Subsidies) CAP067. Dairy Industry (Regulation and Control) CAP260. Debtors CAP198. Deep Water Harbour (Expansion and Improvement) (Exemption from Duties) CAP067A. Defamation CAP199. Defence CAP159. Demonetisation CAP068.The 48 Laws of Power [Greene, Robert] ... 86 offers from $6.44. The 33 Strategies of War (Joost Elffers Books) ... Never waste valuable time, or mental peace of mind, on the affairs of others—that is too high a price …"To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and inAbout Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacypositive peace in their political or “outer” sense. Webster’s proceeds further to define (political or outer) peace positively as “a state of security or order within a community provided for by law, custom, or public opinion.” The second definition of peace, according to Webster’s, is a “mental or spiritual conditionCONVENTION WITH RESPECT TO THE LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF WAR ON LAND (HAGUE, II) (29 July 1899) Entry into Force: 4 September 1900. His Majesty the Emperor of Germany, King of Prussia; [etc.]: Considering that, while seeking means to preserve peace and prevent armed conflicts among nations, it is likewise necessary to have regard to cases where an ...The Iroquois Confederacy was based on The Great Law of Peace and much of the original teachings were adopted and incorporated into The United States Constitution. Now is a good time to consider The Great Law of Peace in light of the pressing issues of our day. "The Iroquoian system, expressed through its constitution, "The Great Law of Peace ...About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...628 PEACE AND THE LAWS OF WAR: THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW '/ Nuremberg Trials and those under Control Council Order No. 10, an internationally validated infrastructure came to an end. The absence of any similar ad hoc bodies, the unwillingness of the international com-44 Laws Of Peace A World Rule of Law - Robert D. Bryant 1977 World Peace - Fred Hampson Aldrich 2016-05-17 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible.The Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) implements the signed peace agreements by building a Bangsamoro ministerial government to replace the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). The theory is that a self-governing Bangsamoro given more economic and political powers can uplift the Philippines’ poorest region.Natural law demands that we seek peace because to seek peace is to fulfill our natural right to defend ourselves. The second law of nature follows upon the mandate to seek peace: We must mutually divest ourselves of certain rights (such as the right to take another person's life) in order to escape the state of natural war.The law of war and peace (De jure belli ac pacis) by Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645; Loomis, Louise Ropes, 1874-Publication date 1949 Topics International law, Natural law, War (International law) Publisher New York : Published for the Classics Club by Walter J. Black CollectionThe Secretary-General has stated that "[i]f the rule of law means anything at all, it means that no one, including peacekeepers, is above the law." 44 United Nations Organisation, Report of the Secretary-General: The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, UN Doc. S/2004/616 (August 23, 2004) However ...political philosophers of the twentieth century. Rawls, in his work The Law of Peo-. ples (henceforth "LP"),1 brought up to date in certain important respects Kant's plan for bringing the world closer to a condition of perpetual peace. Some Kant scholars have praised Rawls 's LP, while others have criticized it.The 121 Laws for Inner Peace: A Comprehensive Guide to Self-Discovery, Growth, and Harmony - Kindle edition by Zenith, Mela. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading The 121 Laws for Inner Peace: A Comprehensive Guide to Self-Discovery, Growth, and Harmony.2 The 48 Laws of Power List. 3 The 48 Laws of Power Summary. Law 1. Never Outshine the Master. Law 2. Never Put Too Much Trust in Friends, Learn How to Use Enemies. Law 3. Conceal Your Intentions. Law 4.The Security Council has a critical role in advancing the rule of law through its efforts to maintain international peace and security, protect human rights and promote sustainable development. Together, let us commit to advancing the rule of law to create a more stable and secure world for all. Thank you.Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The 44 Laws of Peace by L, M T Book The Fast Free Shipping at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Paperback – 29 January 2023. by M T L (Author), The Talking Book (Contributor) 4.8 217 ratings. Part of: The Laws of Peace (1 books) See all formats and editions. Great on …Cultivation of Trees CAP390. Customs CAP066. Customs Duties (Dumping and Subsidies) CAP067. Dairy Industry (Regulation and Control) CAP260. Debtors CAP198. Deep Water Harbour (Expansion and Improvement) (Exemption from Duties) CAP067A. Defamation CAP199. Defence CAP159. Demonetisation CAP068.It doesn't work. Keep your conflicts and resolution in your own family. Avoid triangular patterns; for example, going through one person to communicate with the other. 5. Respect each other's privacy, and the amount of time the other family would like to spend alone. Don't invite yourself to outings and get-togethers.Cover title. "1 September 1979"--P. i. Vol. entitled "International law"; no evidence found for subsequent volumes. "Supercedes DA Pam 27-161-1, 30 June 1964"--P. i. Includes bibliographical references. Electronic reproduction. [Washington, D.C. : Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 2007] (Military legal resources). Digitized image of the original. s2007 dcun s3309.5 - Local public safety officers; applicability of chapter; jurisdiction; remedies. (a) It shall be unlawful for any public safety department to deny or refuse to any public safety officer the rights and protections guaranteed to him or her by this chapter. (b) Nothing in subdivision (h) of Section 11181 shall be construed to affect the ...The 44 Laws of Peace (The Laws of Peace) eBook : L, M, Book, Talking: Amazon.co.uk: Kindle StoreCHAPTER 203 - CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE. NRS 203.010 Breach of peace. NRS 203.020 Assembling to disturb peace or to commit unlawful act. NRS 203.030 Provoking commission of breach of peace. NRS 203.040 Publishing matter inciting breach of peace or other crime. NRS 203.050 Affray. NRS 203.060 Unlawful assembly. NRS 203.070 Rout and riot.The Federalist Papers : No. 44. From the New York Packet. Friday, January 25, 1788. To the People of the State of New York: A FIFTH class of provisions in favor of the federal authority consists of the following restrictions on the authority of the several States: "No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters ...About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...ACT. To amend the Justices of the Peace and Commissioners of Oaths Act, 1963, so as to apply that Act to the territory of South-West Africa; and to provide for incidental matters. 1 and 2 Insert respectively sections 1 and 11A in the Justices of the Peace and Commissioners of the Oaths Act 16 of 1963 . 3 Amends the First Schedule to the ...About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms PrivacyXolani S. Tuesday, 23 April 2024, 3:44 pm. Join Our Telegram Channel. DJ Ace – Peace Of Mind Vol 44 (Nostalgic Of Deep House Slow Jam Mix) Prolific South African disc jockey and record producer, DJ Ace is here to impress with “ Peace Of Mind Vol 44 (Nostalgic Of Deep House Slow Jam Mix) ”. In addition, this release comes after “ Legend ...The 44 Laws of Peace. This book PDF is perfect for those who love Peace of mind genre, written by M T L and published by Unknown which was released on 16 April 2024 with total hardcover pages 0. You could read this book directly on your devices with pdf, epub and kindle format, check detail and related The 44 Laws of Peace books below.Children and Young Persons [Cap. 44 CHAPTER 44. CIDLDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS.* An Ordinance relating to Children and Young Persons. [31ST DECEMBER, 1945.] 35 of 1945. 12 of 1947. 22 of 1949. 19 of 1952. 1. This Ordinance rna y be cited as the Children and Young Short title. Persons Ordinance, and shall apply to the Colony and to …UN peace operations are deployed on the basis of mandates from the United Nations Security Council. Their tasks differ from situation to situation, depending on the nature of the conflict and the specific challenges it presents. UN Charter The Charter of the United Nations is the foundation document for all the UN work. The UN was established to "save succeeding generationsPeace Party of India: ... These laws were eventually withdrawn by the Union government. On 31 January 2022, the farmer leaders observed "Vishwasghat Diwas" (treachery day) …The Pin Code of Iglas is 202124. Get more details along with the Pin Code of Iglas. Iglas is located in Aligarh district in Uttar Pradesh. 202124 is the pincode (Postal …The Court granted this motion of "supervening event," in accordance with Article 44.3 of the court's procedures, and responded by simply referring to its "jurisprudence constante": ... Normative Foundation of the International Law of Peace, in Promoting Peace Through International Law 43, 56-57 (Cecilia Marcela Bailliet & Kjetil ...Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1979. Analyzes peace as a legal concept through the perusal of peace treaties from antiquity to the 20th century. It focuses on attribution of guilt and amnesty, restoration of the state of peace, the duration of the peace, and the justifications of the conditions of the peace. In German. Ikenberry, G. John.The starting point for any discussion of the legal framework of UN peace operations is that the power to undertake or create such operations is not written anywhere in the UN Charter. Instead, the legal basis for peacekeeping is most commonly considered to be located in the implied powers of the organization. 1 One scholar argues that it can be ...In conclusion, Law 44 of the 48 Laws of Power reveals the strategy of disarming and infuriating with the Mirror Effect. By reflecting back people's negative traits, you can expose their weaknesses and strategically manipulate their emotions. Be aware of the consequences and reactions of the people involved, and stay calm and composed while ...43. People of the Five Nations members of a certain clan shall recognize every other member of that clan, irrespective of the Nation, as relatives. Men and women, therefore, members of the same clan are forbidden to marry. 44. The lineal descent of the people of the Five Nations shall run in the female line.Many basic principles and rules that governed and still govern relations between states were introduced and elaborated in the great peace treaties from the Renaissance onwards. Nevertheless, until recently few scholars have studied these primary sources of the law of nations from a juridical perspective.On the Law of War and Peace. De Jure Belli ac Pacis. by Hugo Grotius. Translated by A. C. Campbell London, 1814. Book I. CHAPTER 1: On War and Right. CHAPTER 2: Inquiry Into the Lawfulness of War. CHAPTER 3: The Divison of War Into Public and Private and the Nature of Sovereign Power. 44 LAWS of peace: search on Z-Library | Download books for free. Find books 112. At the funeral of a chief woman, say: "Now we become reconciled as you start away. You were once a chief woman in the Five Nations' Confederacy. You once were a mother of the nations. Now we release you for it is true that it is no longer possible for us to walk about together on the earth. Now, therefore, we lay it (the body) here.The Lieber Code allows the use of military force which is justified by “military necessity,” defined as “measures which are indispensable for securing the ends of the war, and which are lawful according to the modern law and usages of war.” (Art. 14). Military necessity is limited by the principle of humanity.The 44 Laws of Peace (The Laws of Peace) Now R 845. 4 x payments of R 211.25 with ADD TO CART. Nationwide delivery. In stock. 10 to 20 working days. WantItAll.co.za specialises in hard-to-find products that are shipped from handpicked US suppliers ADD TO CART. Warehousing & fulfilment powered by Parcelninja.comSince 2008, UNDP has been working to build peace in over 40 crisis-affected countries through our Global Programme for Strengthening the Rule of Law and Human Rights. Here are seven key results : 1.The General Assembly , Reaffirming that the principal aim of the United Nations is the maintenance of international peace and security, Bearing in mind the fundamental principles of international law set forth in the Charter of the United Nations, Expressing the will and the aspirations of all peoples to eradicate war from the life of mankind and, above all, to avert a world-wide nuclear ...In 1987, the United States Senate acknowledged that the Great Law of Peace of the Iroquois Nations served as a model for the Constitution of the United States. (U.S. S. Con. Res. 76, 2 Dec. 1987). And since the U.S. Constitution was a model for the charter of the United Nations, the Iroquois Great Law of Peace is also a basis of international law.Art. 4. The present Convention, duly ratified, shall as between the Contracting Powers, be substituted for the Convention of 29 July 1899, respecting the laws and customs of war on land. The Convention of 1899 remains in force as between the Powers which signed it, and which do not also ratify the present Convention.Ska-nonh Center 6680 Onondaga Lake Pkwy Liverpool, New York 13088 (315) 453-6767 [email protected] Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms PrivacyThe 44 Laws of Peace Paperback – 29 Jan. 2023. English edition by M T L (auteur), The Talking Book (Medewerker) 209. See all formats and editions. Laws to follow for a more …The Hammurabi code of laws, a collection of 282 rules, established standards for commercial interactions and set fines and punishments to meet the requirements of justice. Hammurabi's Code was ...43. People of the Five Nations members of a certain clan shall recognize every other member of that clan, irrespective of the Nation, as relatives. Men and women, therefore, members of the same clan are forbidden to marry. 44. The lineal descent of the people of the Five Nations shall run in the female line.Seek the angel of Peace in all that lives, in all you do, in every word you speak. For peace is the key to all knowledge, to aR mystery, to all life. Where there is no peace, there does Satan reign. And the sons of darkness covet most of all to steal from the Sons of Light their peace.Peace and Security of Mankind adopted by the Commis-sion in 1954 (hereinafter referred to as the "1954 draft Code").38 (9) The concluding clause of paragraph 2 confirms that international law applies to crimes against the peace and security of mankind irrespective of the existence of any corresponding national law. The result is the autonomy of44 Laws of Peace Law 12: Live Aline with NatureThe UN Secretary-General asserted in the 1992 report 'An Agenda for Peace' that the 'concept of peace is easy to grasp'. 2 With regard to peace operations, this assertion may (arguably) have been true at the time: until the end of the Cold War, peace operations were deployed to protect peace between states, that is, to prevent interstate war and armed violence.neutrality. contraband. law of war, that part of international law dealing with the inception, conduct, and termination of warfare. Its aim is to limit the suffering caused to combatants and, more particularly, to those who may be described as the victims of war—that is, noncombatant civilians and those no longer able to take part in hostilities.628 PEACE AND THE LAWS OF WAR: THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW '/ Nuremberg Trials and those under Control Council Order No. 10, an internationally validated infrastructure came to an end. The absence of any similar ad hoc bodies, the unwillingness of the international com-MOD. 48 Laws of Power is disturbing. Finished reading it a while ago, decided to pick it up again and give it another read. I swear it’s the same feeling of guilt and disgust when I choose to read this again. To be fair, I only decided to buy because at the time I heard what it was about, and of course, reading the book despite how unethical ...Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for The 44 Laws of Peace (The Laws of Peace) at Amazon.com. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users.Modern international law enshrines the value of peace. Nevertheless, the body of law regulating peacemaking is rather poor and ineffective. Chapter VI of the United Nations Charter aims to offer states an accessible roadmap to pacific conflict resolution. Disappointingly, Chapter VI has not lived up to expectations: it has produced an ...But peace is more than not fighting. The PPI, launched in 2009, was supposed to recognize this and track positive peace, or the promotion of peacefulness through positive interactions like ...Public Law 115-68 115th Congress An Act. Oct. 6, 2017. [S. 1141] To ensure that the United States promotes the meaningful participation of women in mediation and negotiation processes seeking to prevent, mitigate, or resolve violent conflict. Women, Peace, and Security Act of 2017.The Iroquois Confederacy was based on The Great Law of Peace and much of the original teachings were adopted and incorporated into The United States Constitution. Now is a good time to consider The Great Law of Peace in light of the pressing issues of our day. "The Iroquoian system, expressed through its constitution, "The Great Law of Peace ...The Iroquois Confederacy, founded by the Great Peacemaker in 1142 (1), is the oldest living participatory democracy on earth (2). In 1988, the U.S. Senate paid tribute with a resolution (3) that ...The 44 Laws of Peace (The Laws of Peace) Now R 845. 4 x payments of R 211.25 with ADD TO CART. Nationwide delivery. In stock. 10 to 20 working days. WantItAll.co.za specialises in hard-to-find products that are shipped from handpicked US suppliers ADD TO CART. Warehousing & fulfilment powered by Parcelninja.comIntroduction. The Pedagogy of Peace is a purposeful teaching and learning model that builds upon the three core teachings of the Haudenosaunee Great Law of Peace, which are peace, strength, and a good mind. This is for educators who are looking for ways to take a learner-centred approach to teaching and learning, through using …Tribal Peacemaking Laws: Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming. Title 7. Peacemaker of the Tribal Code. Provides authorization and civil process authority, procedures (including authority to use traditional Northern Arapaho culture), referral standards, authority of Tribal Court to limit, and standards of conduct. Chickasaw Nation.Book is in good condition and may contain underlining or highlighting and minimal wear.Stream #^DOWNLOAD The 44 Laws of Peace (The Laws of Peace) ^DOWNLOAD E.B.O.O.K.# by Thxngmit.hayp.h.r on desktop and mobile. Play over 320 million tracks for free on SoundCloud.Promotion of International Peace and Security: Pursuing policies that contribute to international peace and security. ... Article 44: Uniform civil code for the citizen. ... If the DPSP become enforceable through court of law, pro-corporate law-makers who want to convert the national wealth and resources into personal properties of few ...BREACH OF THE PEACEBreach of the peace statutes are today popularly called disorderly conduct statutes. The wording of breach of the peace or disorderly conduct statutes varies significantly from one city or state to another. Generally, such statutes are violated if a person commits acts or makes statements likely to promote violence or disturb "good order" in a public place.The Skä•noñh - Great Law of Peace Center is a Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Cultural Center focused on telling the story of the native peoples of central New York. The history is told through the lens of the Onondaga Nation and covers topics such as Creation, European Contact, The Great Law of Peace, and more. The Onondagas, or People of the Hills, are the keepers of the Central Fire and are ...Promotion of International Peace and Security: Pursuing policies that contribute to international peace and security. ... Article 44: Uniform civil code for the citizen. ... If the DPSP become enforceable through court of law, pro-corporate law-makers who want to convert the national wealth and resources into personal properties of few ...Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for The 44 Laws of Peace (The Laws of Peace) at Amazon.com. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users.The Federalist Papers : No. 44. From the New York Packet. Friday, January 25, 1788. To the People of the State of New York: A FIFTH class of provisions in favor of the federal authority consists of the following restrictions on the authority of the several States: "No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters ...Justice of the Peace - Precinct 1. ALL INCLUSIVE DESKBOOKS FOR EVICTIONS or SMALL CLAIMS (CLICK HERE) LOCATE A PRECINCT BY A PARTICULAR ADDRESS. About Judge Jim Hansen. Main Number: (806) 775-1547. Tickets: (806) 775-1548.
The Failure of International Human Rights Law To Matter Where Needed Most. Emilie M. Hafner-Burton, PhD, ... Keith & Ted Robert Gurr, 1995. ` Tracking Democracy's Third Wave with the Polity III Data', Journal of Peace Research 32(4): 469—482 . ... Volume 44, Issue 4. Pages: 407 - 425. Article first published: July 2007. Issue published: July .... Elegant flyer
More than 15 years after the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1325, which called for strengthening women and girls' protection from conflict-related sexual violence and women's equal participation in all stages of the prevention and resolution of conflict, women's participation in peace negotiations with voice and influence remains exceptional rather than the norm.44-05-04. Place of filing oath of office. Unless otherwise provided by law, any civil or public officer required by section 44-01-05 or any other provision of law to take an oath of office must file the original oath as follows: 1. If a state official or member of a state board, with the secretary of state. 2.This article suggests that as "aircraft" and "vessels," unmanned naval systems fit within the existing legal architecture for peacetime maritime operations, including the 1944 Chicago Convention on Civil Aviation and the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. These two treaties and their progeny provide guidance for the ...The Pax Romana (Roman Peace) was a period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire which lasted for over 200 years, beginning with the reign of Augustus (27 BCE - 14 CE). The aim of Augustus and his successors was to guarantee law, order, and security within the empire, even if this meant separating it from the rest of the …Apr 3, 2023 - This Pin was created by Dywen queen on Pinterest. Books - The 44 Laws of PeaceBook Of The 44 - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Walk on the path of the dark light of knowledge and gain insight to the occult world with Tetti The Great as he brings you laws from ancient history to now.Last updated on August 16, 2023 by Alex Andrews George. Directive Principles of State Policy are a set of guidelines or principles enshrined in Part IV (Articles 36 to 51) of the Constitution of India. Unlike fundamental rights, which are justiciable and can be enforced by the courts, Directive Principles are non-justiciable.The Great Law of Peace. Is a 117 statements of Law that govern the Confederacy. The Law has three fundamental principles: Peace: which is a sound mind in a Healthy body …The 44 Laws of Peace Paperback - 29 January 2023. The 44 Laws of Peace. Paperback - 29 January 2023. by M T L (Author), The Talking Book (Contributor) 4.8 217 ratings. Part of: The Laws of Peace (1 books) See all formats and editions. Great on Kindle. 9.44.010 Breach of the peace prohibited. 9.44.020 Noise standards. 9.44.025 Farm operations exempted. 9.44.030 Penalty. 9.44.010 Breach of the peace prohibited. It shall be unlawful for any person, by loud or unusual noise, or by means of tumultuous conduct, to disturb the peace or quiet of another. (Ord. 82-51 (part)). 9.44.020 Noise standards. Home | Library of Congress44. The lineal descent of the people of the Five Nations shall run in the female line. Women shall be considered the progenitors of the Nation. They shall own the land and the soil. ... If either a nephew or a niece see an irregularity in the performance of the functions of the Great Peace and its laws, in the Confederate Council or in the ...Indian Law Resource Center. I.A. Parker, The Constitution of the Five Nations or The Iroquois Book of the Great Law (1916), reprinted in New York State Museum, Sixty-Ninth Report of the New York State Museum Bulletin. There are six versions of The Great Law of Peace and the Founding of the Confederacy. See G. Schaaf, The Great Law ofThe practice of negotiating peace agreements is argued to be producing a new law of the peacemaker — or lex pacificatoria that connects developments in international law with new forms of domestic constitutional law in a set of hybrid relationships. This lex pacificatoria potentially forms part of a broader 'law of peace' that moves ...The 44 Laws Of Peace Book This kind of captivating graphics picks about The 44 Laws Of Peace Book is accessible so that you can save. We receive this kind of enchanting graphics from online and select the most effective pertaining to you. The 44 Laws Of Peace Book pictures and pictures collection in which posted here had been adequately decided ....